PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

• What is Ethics?

Ethics is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality, such as what the fundamental semantic, ontological, and epistemic nature of ethics or morality is (meta-ethics), how moral values should be determined (normative ethics), how a moral outcome can be achieved in specific situations (applied ethics), how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is (moral psychology), and what moral values people actually abide by (descriptive ethics).

• Computer Ethics

Computer Ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct. The term "computer ethics" was first coined by Walter Maner in the mid-1970s, but only since the 1990s has it started being integrated into professional development programs in academic settings. The conceptual foundations of computer ethics are investigated by information ethics, a branch of philosophical ethics established by Luciano Floridi. Computer ethics is a very important topic in computer applications.

• Introducing Ethics into the Computer World

The Computer Ethics Institute and the National Computer Ethics & Responsibilities Campaign are working to raise awareness and standards for conduct
A movement is growing among computer professionals and entrepreneurs to curb the lawless side of the Internet and bring awareness and acceptance of computer ethics. Some of the most prominent names in the industry are taking an active role in straightening out the renegades — and handling the problem at its source.

“Today, ethical collapse is no longer confined to the trauma ward. It is epidemic among — are you ready for this? — information technology users. And you may be among them,” according to the National Computer Ethics & Responsibilities Campaign (NCERC).
The campaign and its principal sponsor, the Computer Ethics Institute (CEI), a nonprofit research, education and policy study organization in Washington, D.C., are pressing to move computer ethics out of the realm of philosophical debate and into implementation in the world of computers and their users. They stress that in the real world, well-defined standards of behavior have been established for centuries, while some have exploited the fact that the world of computers is ethically uncharted. Now, according to CEI and NCERC, it is time to bring that scenario to a close.

“Computer ethics begin where the fingers meet the keyboard,” said Patrick Sullivan, executive director of CEI. “But ethics are more than a philosophical concern. They are directly relevant to managers and system operators, for whom computer technology presents ethical problems ranging from e-mail privacy and worker monitoring to employee use of corporate resources.”

NCERC member Charlie Atterbury said “There are many issues in computing for which there are no laws.... So where do you turn? You have to turn to encouraging responsible computing and ethical behavior.”

NCERC participants feel that a key part of the answer to problems in the field of computer ethics lies in education. Nick Routledge, co-chairman of NCERC, told Freedom, “Computers are a relatively new part of our lives, and while you are taught the ethics of different fields in school, computer ethics isn’t taught. A lot of the unethical behavior we see is a product of ignorance more than anything else. “

NCERC is pushing for computer ethics becoming part of standard school cirriculum.

“We hope that all concerned will really understand that they have a vested interest in self-regulation — businesses, government agencies, and so on.”
Along with encouraging discussion and ideas on computer ethics, NCERC has posited the “Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics,” which includes points such as “Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people,” and “Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.”

“We need to change what might be perceived as logically wrong to a gut level wrong,” said Dr. Peter Tippett, director of CEI and co-chairman of NCERC. Tippett cited common fallacies in the computer field which cloud ethical issues, such as “the hacker’s ethic”: “As long as you’re doing it for pure pursuit of knowledge, it’s OK.”
“In real life, we call this trespassing,” he said.

NCERC has been joined by numerous noted computer organizations and business corporations, such as Compuserve, the National Computer Security Association, Business Software Alliance and Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.